UNIT V ENERGY SOURCES AND STORAGE DEVICES Combustion of fuels: Introduction – calorific value – higher and lower calorific values- theoretical calculation of calorific value – ignition temperature – spontaneous ignition temperature – explosive range – flue gas analysis (ORSAT Method). Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) – power alcohol and biodiesel.
Knocking – octane number – diesel oil – cetane number – natural gas – compressed natural gas (CNG).
Carbonization – manufacture of metallurgical coke (Otto Hoffmann method) – petroleum – manufacture of synthetic petrol (Bergius process). UNIT IV FUELS AND COMBUSTIONįuels: Introduction – classification of fuels – coal – analysis of coal (proximate and ultimate). water system – reduced phase rule – thermal analysis and cooling curves – two component systems – lead-silver system – Pattinson process. Phase rule: Introduction, definition of terms with examples, one component system. UNIT III ALLOYS AND PHASE RULEĪlloys: Introduction- Definition- properties of alloys- significance of alloying, functions and effect of alloying elements- Nichrome and stainless steel (18/8) – heat treatment of steel. Promoters – acid base catalysis – applications (catalytic convertor) – enzyme catalysis– Michaelis – Menten equation. Catalysis: Catalyst – types of catalysis – criteria – autocatalysis – catalytic poisoning and catalytic Kinetics of surface reactions, unimolecular reactions, Langmuir – applications of adsorption on pollution abatement. Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm – Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm – contact theory. UNIT II SURFACE CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSISĪdsorption: Types of adsorption – adsorption of gases on solids – adsorption of solute from solutions – adsorption isotherms. External treatment – Ion exchange process, zeolite process – desalination of brackish water – Reverse Osmosis. Treatment of boiler feed water – Internal treatment (phosphate, colloidal, sodium aluminate and calgon conditioning). Numerical problems – boiler troubles (scale and sludge). (CY8151) Hardness of water – types – expression of hardness – units – estimation of hardness of water by EDTA. CY8151 – ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY – SYLLABUS (REGULATION 2017) ANNA UNIVERSITY UNIT I WATER AND ITS TREATMENT
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